Although trademarks are not required to launch a brand, they are extremely helpful in launching one. Trademarks protect your rights and keeps others from making money off of your creative ideas.

You certainly can file an application for federal trademark registration on your own.  However, as the trademark application process is a legal proceeding and can be complex and complicated. Therefore, the assistance of a trademark attorney can be very helpful. Note, that although you can file a trademark on your own, or pro se, only an attorney licensed to practice law in the United States can file an application on your behalf with the USPTO.

You have a variety of options if someone is infringing on your trademark rights. You can choose to serve the infringing party with a cease-and-desist letter, or sue them in federal court, among other options.

One of the first steps in the process of applying for federal trademark registration is the selection of a brand name that is both registrable and protectable.  To ensure that a brand name is registrable and protectable, it is often highly advised that an applicant conduct a full comprehensive trademark search of both the USPTO, state and common law databases.

The trademark application process can vary depending on a number of factors, including filing basis.  However, due to a current backlog of trademark applications, the USPTO is taking anywhere from approximately 12 months to 18 months.

This is a very fact-specific question and definitely depends on the proposed mark and/or application at-hand.  However, most applications are refused by the USPTO due to a likelihood of confusion with a prior registered mark.  Full Trademark Clearance Searches can help to prevent likelihood of confusion refusals.